We live in a world full of amazing design software and hi-tech automated machines. These “tools” are designed to reduce design cycle times and leverage productivity. Companies spend a lot of money on these tools and expect a productivity pay off from their designers. Some of the new expectations...

Even behind work as seemingly objective as metrics-based engineering, there exists high subjectivity. Projects are composed of experiences, and experiences are perspectival. No two people will form identical conclusions about a given event. It's standard to agree on the results, as those are less...

Managers direct progress. Managers and designers report on progress. When reporting on progress, there is a natural tendency to pull focus to recent activities. This tendency is partially because what has most recently been worked on and discussed lingers in collective memory and is subject to...